Survey of SKAA, CDGK Abadis (K.A), BOR Goths and working with SKAA

This quarter (July-Sept'11) survey of 5 more abadis/goths was completed. Survey of total 355 abadis/goths outside Orangi has been finalized. Of these 62 belong to SKAA and 293 are CDGK/Board of Revenue (BOR), abadis/goths. Survey of these abadis/goths comprising of 20,287 lanes and 2,13,402 houses shows that people have laid sewer lines on self help in 33.74% lanes and water lines in 21.84% lanes, investing Rs 158.69 million and Rs 102.99 million respectively. Government’s work in internal development also exists i.e. sewer lines have been laid in 38.52% lanes and water lines in 22.14% lanes. he first, second and the third volumes, each of 100 abadis / peoples housing, with maps, statistics and analysis has been published. Work on the fourth and fifth volumes is in progress. A separate volume comprising of goths / villages is also in progress

Working with SKAA

By Oct’09, with a new agreement, working with Sindh Katchi Abadis Authority has been revived. From 2001-2008 SKAA remained non-functional with its role being taken over by CDGK. Since 2009 it has again become functional – notifying /mapping settlements, providing land title and undertaking development thru the finances recovered as lease charges. However the process is slow.

A number of goths in Gadap and Gulshan towns have been handed over to SKAA, by the Sindh Govt. Goths in the newly designated urban areas are being added to the SKAA list, while others are under the Board of Revenue (BOR). As a result of continuing advocacy for extending the cut off date for provision of land title for Goths/K.A. (as detailed in section 3) of the 127th Quarterly progress report by Dec’09 there was a breakthrough w.r.t. K.As - the cut off date has been extended to June 1997 (from March 1985). For the goths (located in areas designated as rural) there is a separate ordinance/bill that extends the cut off date to 31 st Dec’2000 and is to be implemented by the BOR. Mapping of goths is being coordinated to facilitate the process of land tenure.

SKAA had requested support for speeding up the process of provision of land tenure. Regular meetings continue. OPP-RTI is sharing the related maps of settlements/goths. Community activists in settlements and goths are being guided to submit applications to SKAA for provision of land title. OPP-RTI’s focuses are the goths in the peripheral towns and the settlements along the tracks of the Karachi Circular Railway (KCR), as these are off and on threatened with eviction by the CDGK. In 82 goths 24 added this period and 24 KCR related settlements the community process is being facilitated with mapping, information and coordination with SKAA as needed. 52 goths and 11 KCR abadis are under process for land tenure at SKAA, (33 goths and 3 KCR abadis supported by OPP-RTI. SKAA being a Provincial Govt. organization is supporting the tenure rights. By Feb’11 a master list and digitized master location map of 573 goths (villages) situated in the immediate periphery of the city, which have now become abadis (urban settlements), was finalized. It is being used for the advocacy for acceptance of the Goths as abadis and the master planning for development.As more areas are fast becoming urban, latest update shows that 593 goths have become urban. Effort is on going so that the land related to the goths is transferred to SKAA from BOR, to facilitate provision of land title. SKAA is mandated to provide land title to urban settlements while BOR provides sanad (right to use land) to goths/rural settlements.

Khuda Ki Busti – Taiser Town - Saiban

Land supply for the poor is the focus of the NGO ‘Saiban’. Khuda Ki Busti (KKB-I & II ) is their project located in the periphery of Karachi. 100 acres of land (acquired from the govt. around 1998) with 2,910 housing plots was planned and settled. Owners have paid the cost of an 80 sqyd plot in installments to Saiban, which has an office in the settlement. Despite consistent efforts Saiban has been unable to get more land from the govt. while unofficial subdivision of land around the project has speeded up, with about 2,500 acres being plotted since 2006 (i.e about 75,000 plots).

Saiban has facilitated provision of sewage disposal and water supply with the amount collected as development charge (included in the cost of the land). Provision of transport, electricity, schools, health centres / hospitals and parks / playgrounds has also been facilitated. In KKB I & II total 128 lane sewers and 30 secondary sewers, 62,909 rft comprising of 2,504 houses have been completed. People’s investment has been Rs. 13.143 million. The two sewage treatment units are also functional. This period cleaning and rectification of the sewers has been in progress. In water supply peoples investment in total 9 secondaries and 146 lane water lines 58,153 rft., has been Rs. 4.65 million. Lately construction work on 5 roads was completed.

Saiban has extended work in Lahore with partners Muawin and PURC. In their project in Kala Shah Kaku spread over 20 acres out of total 456 plots, in 150 houses have been constructed. With people settling in, infrastructure has also been likewise provided.

The Technical Training Resource Centre (TTRC), The Tameer Technical Centre (TTC) and the Peoples Mapping Centre (PMC) - Karachi:

Technical Training Resource Centre (TTRC): Youths trained as community architects setup the TTRC in 1998. Based in Ghaziabad a settlement in Orangi town, TTRC’s work has now extended beyond Orangi town. Besides supporting the construction of houses in Orangi and physical upgrading of schools (refer details in section 5.4),of the 127th Quarterly progress report TTRC conducts training courses on survey, drafting, mapping and planning. A fee is charged. In addition requested by OPP-RTI and supported by training fees, TTRC conducts two to three weeks training courses for students, training them on mapping and documentation, needed for the settlements/goths survey. Similar training for OPP-RTI replication partners is also supported by TTRC. Total 70 training courses have been conducted (one this period), comprising of 181 participants, two more are in progress.

Supported by modest fees, TTRC has joined in the OPP-RTI efforts at mapping the goths of Karachi including documentation of infrastructure. Total 14 goths of Kemari have been mapped, documented and digitized (4 this period).

With a little backup guidance, TTRC also provides technical support as needed for the EM-Sewage Treatment Units. Earlier TTRC provided support to partner AHMMT in Khairodero - Larkana for an EM-STU that is now functional.

For the OPP-RTI’s flood rehabilitation work mostly in Sindh and South Punjab, managed thru 17 partners (in the villages surrounding 2 cities and 17 towns), TTRC continues to assist with the on site guidance and documentation of the work (related to shelter, water supply and schools).

TTRC is a strengthened organization on the three aspects: social /technical skills, organizational setup and financial system. Earlier small core fund support was provided, since Jan’11 the Asian Coalition for Housing Rights has started direct core fund support to TTRC.

Contact details are: Mohd. Sirajuddin, M-299 Sec 11½ , Mujahid Colony, Ghaziabad, Orangi Town, Karachi. E-mail:sirajttrc@yahoo.com ,thettrcorangi13@yahoo.com

Tameer Technical Centre (TTC): Trained and guided by OPP-RTI another youth organization the Tameer Technical Center (TTC) has evolved as a technical support organization, with an office in Khairabad/ Zobu goth Gadap town. Some details are in section 3 of the 127th Quarterly progress report as its work also relates to the Secure Housing Support Program.

Contact details are: Mohammad Sajid Khan, Shahrah-e-Qazafi, Khairabad, Zobu Goth, Manghopir UC-8, Gadap town, Karachi. Phone: 0346-2619116. E-mail: ttc.20112011@gmail.com

Peoples Mapping Centre (PMC): Since Oct’10 youths who are part of the mapping program (reference section 2.3) of the 127th Quarterly progress report have set up the “Peoples Mapping Centre”. Effort is being made to strengthen the PMC as an independent organisation. This period an office has been set up in Zobu goth. Mapping and documentation of the goths is the focus. Of 10 goths work was completed with a little backup support by OPP-RTI. On 2 more goths work is in progress.

Contact details are: Mohammad Salman, House No. 75/11, Sector No.5-D, New Karachi, Karachi. Phone: 0322-2680219 E-mail:sunny.nisar3@gmail.com

Support to ‘goths’ (rural settlements fast becoming urban) in Karachi

Details of the related Secure Housing Support Program are in section 3 of the 127th Quarterly progress report. Here the provision of sewerage/drainage systems for the goths is being presented. There is advocacy with the govt. for provision of bulk infrastructure, while support to communities continues for internal development.

A conceptual master plan for bulk infrastructure for 300 to 600 goths is being prepared: OPP-RTI research shows that out of the 2,173 goths (latest list), mostly in the three peripheral towns of Karachi, 593 goths have become urban settlements, (with fast subdivision of agricultural land - mostly since 2006 onwords). By Feb’11 the related master map was completed, as more goths are becoming abadis (urban) the map was lately updated. Earlier in meetings, with the Planning and Development deptt Sindh, Chief Minister’s Advisor and the related govt. agencies, CDGK and SKAA, need emerged for the development of a master plan for bulk sewage/drainage disposal as well as water supply for these goths. OPP-RTI is preparing, in phases, the plan for sewage/drainage disposal for the same. Work explained below in 133 goths (total 18 projects) is part of this plan. Followup meetings with govt. agencies continue.

Mapping of goths and documentation of the existing infrastructure continues. These maps are also related to the Secure Housing Support Program, so the details are in section 3 of the 127th Quarterly progress report.

Development of main nalas as box drains (serving 83 goths and many settlements): 1) By Nov’09 CDGK began the construction of Phase-I (16,000 rft.) of the Khairabad drainage channel 8,500 rft. box drain is complete, (700 rft. this period). The nala serves as the disposal for sewage and rainwater for more then 20 settlements/goths in Gadap town (and also 2 settlements in Orangi) comprising of 2,200 lanes, about 40,000 houses. OPP-RTI design was earlier approved by the City Govt. and budget of Rs. 189 million was sanctioned for Phase-I&II (total 32,000 rft.). OPP-RTI is supervising construction, while mobilizing community to monitor work. Meeting with community and provision of maps/designs and instruction leaflets continues in segments. 2) Survey for designing the large secondary sewers connecting to the K’abad drain is in progress. 3) Construction of another the KAN drainage channel I & II (9,333 rft.) is in progress, Work on 8,650 rft. is complete (6,525 rft. developed as box drain and 2,025 rft. developed as a main sewer) . This drain serves as disposal for sewage/drainage for 8 settlements/goths (about 6,000 houses). 4) Earlier the Planning and Development Department Sindh approved Rs. 105.7 million for the development of the Lasi Goth nala as box drain, 12,100 rft serving 13 goths (as designed by OPP-RTI), followup contacts/meetings continue with the P&D Deptt. and the CDGK engineers, process of implementation is underway. 5 & 6) Plan/design/estimates for box drains and trunk sewers for 2 projects in Gadap town UC-8 (costing Rs. 127.91 million, serving 10 goths and 5 Abadis population 0.27 million - ref: Ramzan and Yar Md. Goths) was earlier completed and provided to the CDGK. Process for budget allocation by the Govt. is underway. This period several mobilization meetings have been held with the goth elders/community activists for followup advocacy. 7) Survey for the natural nala development in Bin Qasim town serving 10 Goths/Abadis (ref: A.Rehman goth) was completed, designing is in progress. 8) Work on site is in progress on the construction of the Sungal drain 8,660 rft. costing Rs. 54.39 million serving 2 large goths and several settlements. 750 rft. drain in complete. 9) The Chakra Goth drain 7,000 rft. ,earlier designed, costing Rs. 38.24 million serving 2 large goths and several settlements is under process for implementation by the CDGK. 10) For the Chakor nala 46,480 costing Rs. 200 million serving 4 large goths and many settlements, plan/est. were earlier designed and budget was sanctioned by the CDGK, work is under process for implementation. 11) For the Moach Goth nala 70,705 rft. costing Rs. 695.62 million serving 12 goths and many abadis, survey plan/design/est.was earlier completed, followup advocacy for implementation is in progress. 12) For the Qalandaria box drain 17,000 rft. costing Rs. 44.93 million serving 2 goths and many abadis construction work is in progress, 10,200 rft. drain is complete.

Progress of work on other schemes, serving 50 goths and many settlements: 1) In Dost Md Junjar and Haider Goths (comprising of 1,855 houses and 196 lanes) earlier, with OPP-RTI’s technical guidance community mobilized more then Rs. 6.25 million for external development. Work onsite is now complete, 13,420 rft. main and secondary sewers have been laid. OPP-RTI provided on site technical guidance. Internal development is in progress, total 16 lane sewers and 2 secondary sewers 4,172 rft. were laid, 248 houses invested Rs. 1,205,591 on latrines and sewers. For more lanes there is money collection. 2) For the scheme comprising of Ghani and 15 goths plus many housing societies, (in UC-4,5 Gadap town), OPP-RTI designs for main sewers costing Rs. 10.3 million, (prepared on the request of community activists) was earlier approved by the govt.. Lately work on site has started, Govt. deptt. PHED is managing the project. OPP-RTI and community activists are jointly monitoring the laying of the main sewers. 3) For UC-8 Gadap (Manghopir Mazar area) designs for main sewers serving 5 goths and 2 settlements were earlier provided to the area Naib Nazim. By March’11 work on site was completed, 9,900 rft main sewers were laid. Planning for the connecting secondary sewers is being reviewed to facilitate the lane sewers. 4) Requested by community activists of Dildar Umrani goth, earlier, plan/designs for the sewerage mains for 52 lanes, 1,360 houses was provided. This period community mobilized funds from the govt., construction of the two large secondary sewers 1,570 rft. is nearing completion. Mobilization for the self help lane sewers is ongoing. 5) For Wazir Brohi Goth (51 lanes and 576 houses) survey plan/estimate was completed last period and provided to the community activists . Money collection is in progress for the lane sewers. 6) For a cluster of 25 goths and several abadis in Bin Qasim town (ref: Illyas Dawood goth) survey for the sewage disposal system is in progress.

For 3 more Goths, Dhani, Abdullah Rind and Mai Hawa in UC-4&8 Gadap town, community activists have requested technical support for the Goths sewage disposal. Contacts and survey have been initiated.

Development of Natural Nalas/Drainage Channels into box drains/trunks- Working with CDGK - Citywide application

Natural nalas/drainage channels in Karachi serve as the main disposal, for sewage and rain water for all of Karachi. To safeguard the existing sewerage system important developments are a) desilting, securing the width and development of these as box drains, and b) laying interceptor drains along side the main nadi’s (Lyari, its branches the Orangi/Gujjar nalas and Malir)

OPP-RTI has since 1998 been involved, with the KMC (now the City Govt.), SKAA and KWSB, in the development of nalas/drains. Along many of the nalas and drains there are low income settlements, OPP-RTI designs avoid displacements. In June 2006 on Governor’s directive first the KWSB and since August 2007 the City Govt. has taken charge of O&M of all the nalas/drains of Karachi. OPP-RTI maps are being used. A separate department has been setup for this work.

All over the city nalas/drains are being desilted, repaired, reconstructed, and covered, or trunk sewers are being laid alongside these, (about 70% of all completed) See map in line with the concept promoted by OPP-RTI since 1996 for Orangi and since 1998 for Karachi. Some works are regularly documented for understanding, though the rest is too large a scale to document. Some works are regularly documented for understanding, though the rest is too large a scale to document. Detail report on nala developments serving the Goths has been explained in section 1.7.4 of the 127th Quarterly progress report, on development of Orangi nalas is in section 4.4. Explained below are the major developments in implementation since June’2004.

In June’2004 the Executive District Officer ( EDO) and the engineers of the Works and Services deptt. (W&S) CDGK, requested OPP-RTI’s support for the development of natural nalas (as box drains) and the upgradation of existing drains in Karachi. OPP-RTI tog ether with the city engineers is a member of the focal group formed for the work, that continues. On request maps and documentation of main nalas/drains are regularly provided to the group. Meetings are since being held among the group. Thru mutual consultations nalas/drains are identified, OPP-RTI supports thru providing the surveyed maps, plans, designs, estimations and on site monitoring. Work on site is in progress on the 7 drains, ( Qalandria, KAN-II, Mianwali, Baldia, Khairabad, Mominabad and Sungal). Advocacy continues, with the Planning and Development Deptt., for development of the Lasi Goth nala (budget already sanctioned).

In June 2007, based on OPP-RTI designs, an umbrella PC-I for development of 9 main nalas into box drains, costing Rs. 900 million was approved by the provincial govt. The nalas are of total length 1,28,096 rft. and serve parts of 8 towns, the development benefits 93,781 houses. Work was earlier completed on two box drains (11-A and KAN-I). On six (Qalandria 17,000 rft., K’bad 16,000 rft., Baldia 15,715 rft., KAN-II 5,859 rft., Mominabad 15,558 rft. and Songal 8,660 rft.) serving parts of Orangi, Gadap, North Nazimabad, Site, Baldia and Gulshan towns, construction is underway. On site supervision and community mobilization for monitoring work continues. For the Baloch drain, serving parts of Orangi town, CDGK is in the process of reinviting tenders for contracting the work

Documentation of the existing systems on maps has been consistantly advocated by OPP-RTI in meetings, discussions, forums and presentations. Since 2003 the CDGK and KWSB seem to be focusing on this. Maps documenting the drainage channels and sewerage systems of 16 out of the 18 towns of Karachi, were earlier digitized, these are now available on our website, together with the maps documenting the overall City’s drainage. Of one more town Baldia mapping documentation was finalized last period. Town level maps (digitized satellite images) with location of goths of 5 towns are available. On request maps are regularly provided to community activists, CBOs, NGOs, govt. agencies and the media.

Documentation of Natural Nalas /Drainage Channels

108 natural nalas/drainage channels (mains and branches), of total length 1,032,558 rft., located all over Karachi have been surveyed and mapped. Plan, design and estimates for the development of total 57 nalas have been provided to KMC / CDGK/SKAA and PHED/P&D. Most of these branch nalas and drains dispose into 2 main nadis, Lyari and Malir which then dispose into the sea. Accepting the importance of these drainage channels, plans for box trunks along the main nadis have been prepared and are being processed for implementation by KWSB (as the S-III plan). OPP-RTI mapping and documentation, strengthening advocacy, has influenced the KWSB and City Govts development plans.

A map of Karachi in the scale of 1: 10,000 documenting the nalas surveyed was prepared, earlier. The map is displayed on a wall surface of the OPP-RTI classroom. From the map a clear picture emerges of Karachi’s sewage/drainage disposal channels. The map is regularly updated , location of goths are also being documented.A master map with location of 593 goths (now become abadis), is being prepared for printing. Three maps earlier printed are regularly disseminated 1) showing location of nalas/drains 2) the S-III plan for Karachi and 3) illustration of the blockage of the city’s outfalls and the related land grab by the govt. agencies.

Working with KWSB – City’s Sewerage, Drainage, the S-III plan and the Water Supply plan for the city. Also evolving is the working with SKAA, Planning and Development Deptt.(P&D) Sindh

OPP-RTI proposal for a Sewage Disposal System for Karachi published as a monograph in 1998, presented an alternative to the KWSB’s Greater Karachi Sewerage Plan. A study in 2001 for the governor’s task force on municipal services strengthened this. The alternative has been: i) the existing functional system and present use of nalas/ drainage channels for sewage and rain water disposal be accepted and the nalas/drains be developed as box trunks or interceptors be laid alongside ii) Sewage treatment plants to be built where the nalas/drains join the sea iii) Roles and responsibilities to be decentralised, so that external development becomes the responsibility of Government and internal development the responsibility of communities or coop societies.

It has been observed that the CDGK and KWSB are increasingly implementing the alternativeproposal, as explained below and in the section on work in Orangi.

Working with KWSB and CDGK on City level sewage disposal/drainage and now the researched, plan and advocacy for water supply:

There have been breakthrus in KWSB’s policy and work. OPP-RTI’s proposal is now the KWSB’s S-III plan for sewage/drainage disposal for the city (costing Rs. 9 billion) and approved by the provincial and federal govt’s. in Nov’2007.See map . OPP-RTI is in regular contact with the KWSB and their consultants to ensure proper implementation.

With Rs. 2.5 billion allocated by the Federal Govt. in the current budget for the S-III plan, KWSB’s local consultants have designed the project components as 1) the Lyari river basin and its 5 projects and 2) the Malir river basin and its 5 projects. KWSB consultants have informed that contractors have been pre qualified, work on site is scheduled to begin within the current budget year.

OPP-RTI’s work with the City Govt’s. Works and Services Department (W&S) assists in coordinating the development of the branch nalas/drains and their linkup to the above.

Details of work on Water Supply in Karach are in the section Water Supply Plan for Karachi .

Working with P&D Deptt. Sindh and PHED: P&D Deptt. Sindh continues to support the external sewerage/drainage works in the goths/abadis of Karachi, as already explained.

Citizen’s Water and Sanitation Group for the City of Karachi and other Cooperative Actions.

Thru the process of joint advocacy several city NGOs, CBOs, activists and citizens earlier came together as a group. Partner NGO URC was used as the base.

The citizens have strongly advocated use of local resources as opposed to foreign loans and building on what exists rather than superficial mega projects. OPP-RTI alternative for sewage/drainage disposal for the city was presented as a case study demonstrating the use of local resources and the lack of dependence on foreign loans.

In sewage disposal, drainage, water supply, solid waste disposal and transport the alternative plans, are advocated. In forums, media reports/programs, meetings with govt. and citizens the alternatives are presented and discussed. Govt.’s plans and works for sewage disposal and drainage have been influenced. For water supply, govt.’s actions are being influenced. Some details on sewage disposal, drainage and the water supply plan have been explained. Information about others is available with URC.

The group members support other on going cooperative actions. Presently the focus is also to avoid evictions of the poor from their settlements, as off and on the threat by the govt. looms. People are resisting this, in a number of cases they have succeeded. Need has been observed to further strengthen peoples resistance and negotiating power. The OPP-RTI’s Secure Housing Support Program, as detailed in section 3 of the 127th Quarterly progress report. addresses this and other evolving needs. URC’s support continues to the Railway Katchi Abadis Alliance (RKAA) that is resisting govt’s eviction plans related to the revival of the Karachi Circular Railway. OPP-RTI support to the alliance in mapping the 24 abadi’s continues, with 8 already maped.

Local govt. Devolution Plan – Support to UC’s

Devolution plan for Karachi implemented from 14 th of August 2001, decentralized the city into 18 towns, 178 Unions Councils (UC) and one City Govt. Each town has between 9-13 UCs, each UC having a population of about 50,000 to 1,00,000. Presently the system is in a state of suspension, pending changes in the plan.

UC plan books (documenting sewage disposal, water supply, solid waste disposal, parks/playgounds, health and education facilities) prepared earlier of Orangi and four more towns, continues to be provided, on request, to community activists, govt. officials, visitors and training groups.

Site, Baldia, N’bad, N’Khi, Gadap, Kemari, Bin Qasim and Gulshan Towns

Site town: Construction of the Mianwali drain 6,862 rft., earlier designed, is underway. 5,460 rft. of the drain has been completed, on site work remained stopped this period. Work on another the Mominabad drain 15,558 rft. (earlier designed) is in progress on site, OPP-RTI is monitoring the work, 800 rft. drain has been completed.

Baldia: Development of the Baldia nala 8,015 rft. earlier designed by OPP-RTI as a box drain, is underway. This serves as sewage /drainage disposal for 14,000 houses in Baldia, Site and Kemari towns. By Feb’11 work on 4,365 rft. drain was completed. Followup contacts/meetings with the CDGK continue for restarting the work on site. Meanwhile due to developments undertaken by the Town Administration the length of the drain has been revised.

North Nazimabad: Development of the Qalandria nala 17,000 rft. (as designed by OPP-RTI serving 18,420 houses of N.Nazimabad and Site towns) is underway.With 10,200 rft. of the drain completed, work on site has remained stopped since March’11. There is now followup with the CDGK to restart work.

New Karachi: Work on the KAN box drain phase-I&II 9,333 rft. (serving 6,000 houses) is underway. By last period ,work on 8,650 rft. was completed (6,525 rft. developed as box drain and 2,025 rft. developed as a main sewer).

Gadap town: Work on external/internal sanitation in UC-4,5 &8 Gadap town has already been, related to the work in the goths of Karachi.

Kemari town: Efforts for the development of a segment, measuring 3,000 rft., of the Baldia nala that passes thru the town has already been explained.

Bin Qasim town: Last period survey of two nalas (ref: A. Rehman Goth and Illyas Dawood Goth) serving more then 35 goths was initiated. Detailed resurvey of some segments was completed this period , final design is being prepared.

Gulshan town: By May’11 construction of the Sungal nala (earlier designed) began on site. OPP-RTI is documenting the works, 750 rft. drain is complete.

Sewerage Construction in Karachi-Aug'2011

*Included are the natural nalas developed as box trunks, that serve a larger area then the settlements. For example the Manzoor Colony box drain is the disposal for a major part of Jamshed Town (Pop. 1 million). Likewise is the case with Welfare, Rajput, Mianwali, Baldia, Qalandria, Khairabad and KAN box drains that serve a major part of their towns.as well as the adjacent towns.Details are given below .