Training

Training at OPP-RTI is based on the programs. Some detail courses are regularly held. Orientation training spans 2-3 days , includes the OPP concept, programes, methodology and the organizational setup. Detail training of a week to 10 days relates to the specific OPP-RTI program and is undertaken on request as well as on the partners needs. 21 days training on sketching/mapping/documentation, a weeks training on level survey, another on planning/, designing/estimation for the low cost sanitation program (including UC, town, and village level planning), are the regular on going courses. On site training and guidance to partner NGOs continues for the social and technical skills, (including research and documentation) the organisational setup of the support organization and its related accounting system.

Vaccinators and traditional birth attendants training is regularly undertaken by OPP-KHASDA and facilitated by the CBO’s, community activists and local clinics.

Training is imparted by OPP-OCT to members of CBOs and NGOs for the Micro Credit Program. The training comprises of selection, recovery, accounts keeping, monitoring, documentation and the organisational setup.

Youth/Activists Training and Support Program and the youth Network

With respect to increased community efforts in low income settlements, need was felt to build up the capacity of the youths/activists to support community initiatives. OPP-RTI has found youths/activists willing to give time to work for the development of these settlements. The extent of community efforts is evident from the documentation of katchi abadis and goths as detailed in section 2.10.1 of the 127th Quarterly progress report.

A training program on sanitation, mapping and housing for the youths/activists is on going. Presently 18 youths are part of the program. The purpose of the training is to enable the youths/activists to take up work in these fields independently. However, OPP-RTI's advisory support continues. The students are matric/intermediate in qualification and are identified through contacts with team members, trainee students or through local tanzeems. Trainees get a stipend during the course.

In sanitation, training is imparted in mapping, documentation, levelling, designing, estimation, construction work, on site supervision, and community mobilisation. For the activists the focus is estimation, construction, on site supervision and community mobilisation. Youths concentrate on surveying, documentation, levelling, designing and estimation. Training on mapping and documentation is provided to all the youths participating in the program, detail technical and social mobilization training and regular guidance on organisational setup and financial disciplines is provided to activists and youths in the replication projects.

8 students are undertaking survey and documentation of katchi abadis (K.A)/goths in Karachi (outside Orangi). Mapping of total 406 abadis/goths is complete, 4 completed this period (Jul'11 to Sep). Documentation of sanitation, water supply, clinics, schools and thallas in total 395 abadis/goths has been completed (one this period). Statistical data of 355 completed, of 5 completed this period. Documentation/mapping of total 103 natural nalas/drainage channels in Karachi measuring 9,76,295 rft. is complete of two nalas in Bin Qasim town survey is in progress. Many nalas and drains all over Karachi are being desilted, developed and covered by the govt., as advocated by OPP-RTI, our maps are also being used.

Earlier students completed surveys for the preparation of total 19 Union Council Plan books. These continue to be disseminated for development.

All maps available with OPP-RTI are being digitized. Maps of Karachi’s sewerage, drainage and some on water supply are available on our website. A computerized mapping unit is functional. Satelite images regularly down loaded from Google Earth are very valuable, these are facilitating the surveys.

The training in housing comprises of survey, designing, estimation, construction, on site supervision, and extension. The training imparted by OPP-RTI, is now also being conducted by the Technical Training Resource Centre (TTRC) with OPP-RTI’s backup support. This organization has been set up by trained youths , details of the work are explained in section 1.7.3 and 5.4.a. of the 127th Quarterly progress report.

14 youths, two in housing, one in education program, and four in survey and documentation are under training on fellowships, while seven students are in the OPP-RTI team for on the job training.

There are increasing requests from youths to join the program. The program has been organised so effective training can be provided to more youths. A refreshing development has been the interest shown by young girls to join the program.Two each at OPP-RTI and TTRC are involved in the work while 3 more are under training at the TTRC. TTRC conducts a three weeks start up training on mapping and documentation, to prepare the youths for the program. The senior youths are managing the program, training and guiding the juniors, with OPP-RTI team providing the backup support.

The training is a process, whereby students get involved in the on going work of survey, mapping and documentation of services in katchi abadis/goths. This gives them an opportunity to understand and respect the dynamics of peoples work. Students who continue for 6-8 months and show the potential for learning are then provided a fellowship (i.e instead of a daily stipend, a fixed monthly fellowship is provided). Most have used this stipend to finance their education.

Effort is made to develop avenues for their continued association in the development work. With fellowships for seniors, who then progress to forming support units/organizations (like the TTRC, TTC and PMC as detailed in 1.7.3),of the 127th Quarterly progress report or become part of the OPP-RTI team or get hired by NGOs/survey firms, others join in the work of mapping/documentation of katchi abadis/goths and the survey of natural nalas/drainage channels. The students seeing the potential for a future career in their work, are associated on a more consistent basis.

The documentation by the students of water supply and sanitation systems in katchi abadis/goths and of nalas /drains in Karachi provides the base for expansion of the sanitation programme, the clarity in the partners replication work and in the influencing of govt’s. policies and action plans. The information has also provided the basis for the work with the City Govt./KWSB/PHED/SKAA and the P&D deptt Sindh while also illustrating the drainage related land scam and for understanding the city’s water supply situation and lately for strengthening the secure housing support program. In the process of survey activists are identified in each settlement, this contact has facilitated a wider coming together of development activists. The lecture series/forums as explained in section 2.5 of the 127th Quarterly progress report. has provided an opportunity for the same. The CBO/NGO contact program as explained in section 2.6 of the 127th Quarterly progress report. is an effort to further strengthen the networking. The Secure Housing Support Program explained in section 3 of the 127th Quarterly progress report. is also strengthened by these contacts.

Youth Network: The second meeting of the youth network was held last period in Battagram, hosted by partner BDO. 33 youths working in 19 partner organisations including some area youths and members of new organizations participated. The youths presented and discussed their work, there were site visits to the villages where partner BDO is extending the water supply program. Effort is to understand, learn and support each other with the related skills as well as guide new youth organisations. The 3 rd meeting is scheduled in Dec’11 to be held in Karachi, back to back with the CDN and the annual Dr. AHK Development Forum. Meanwhile there is increasing contact among the members.

Youth initiatives:

Youths of the housing and survey mapping unit have setup the Technical Training Resource Centre (TTRC) details are in section 1.7.3 of the 127th Quarterly progress report.

Youths of Khairabad/ Zobu goth are under training. Mapping and planning of housing units is in progress. This initiative has evolved into a technical support unit , the Tameer Technical Centre (TTC). Details are in section 3 point 5 of the 127th Quarterly progress report.

Youths of the mapping team have setup the “Peoples Mapping Centre” some details have been explained in section 1.7.3 of the 127th Quarterly progress report.

Youth Saving and Support Group: 26 members of the youth program have organized their savings group. Rs.100/month is being saved, since around April ’09. Total Rs. 38,580 has been saved. There is motivation to use the savings as credit for undertaking training courses, since Mar’11 loans to two members have been provided. This period OPP-RTI provided a matching grant of Rs. 30,000 to strengthen the group.

CBO Activists Forum

The forums and lectures aim to facilitate an understanding of the city, so as to strengthen the process of citizen’s role in city development. This period a forum on the “situation of water supply in Karachi” was organized by partner URC, addressed by KWSB.

CBOs, NGOs contact, case studies and presentations

Total 157 CBOs/NGOs in Orangi and in settlements/goths in Karachi were visited (two this period ). Work is jointly managed with partner URC. Profiles of the groups visited have been compiled. The NGO/CBO initiatives are wide ranging i.e. in water supply, sewerage, solid waste, education, health, law and order (the chowkidari nizam), electricity, sui gas, tree plantation, safe-guarding amenity plots from encroachment, savings and credit, labour education, rehabilitation of street children, youth resource centres, theatre, closure of harmful factories located in settlements, human rights, shop owners welfare, legal aid, safe guarding against evictions, womens rights, keeping neighbourhoods free of drug pushers, resettlement and land tenure.

Earliar the work of the first batch of CBOs visited were reviewed. Several features that emerged were earlier detailed. Need emerged for forums where CBO’s could present their work to other NGOs/CBOs. This has been a step in confidence building.

Total 36 forums were held in which 71 CBOs presented their work. One forum was held this period . The presentations have given an opportunity to the CBOs to develop presentation skills and thru discussions share their experience, strengthening their work and linkages. Presentations of the work of 54 CBO’s have been published by partner URC.

Work is under review, so that partner URC may independently take it forward with a little backup guidance.

Training Groups

Training groups from CBOs, NGOs and Govt. are coming frequently as can be seen from the following table:

Training Groups - Since 1992

Visitors Since 1992

Surveys/Documentation

SKAA/KMC /CDGK Katchi Abadis and BOR Goths.

Surveys, documenting the existing sewage disposal / water supply systems, schools and clinics, has been undertaken of SKAA/KMC/CDGK katchi abadis and of the BOR goths in Karachi .The related publications, Volume I, II and III, each including 100 surveyed maps, have been published.

Survey Results: Aug’11

No. of katchi Abadis/Goth surveyed _ *355

Total number of lanes _ 20,287

Total number of houses _ 2,13,402

* In Karachi according to SKAA report there are total 539 katchi abadis, 95 of them are in Orangi. This survey is of abadis outside Orangi i.e. out of 444 abadis, survey is complete of 355 (79.95 %). Data on Orangi settlements is available in separate tabulation in section 4.3 of the 127th Quarterly progress report. When combined, information is available of 83.48% abadies.

The survey also includes 77 goths. Separate tabulation for goths is being prepared.

Lease charges recovered by SKAA, by Jun’2004 has been Rs 206,530 million (information received from SKAA.)

Lease charges recovered by KMC by Jun’99, from total 60,695 units in katchi abadis has been Rs. 325.064 million (information received from KMC Katchi Abadis Directorate.)

Survey shows that:

People have the resources (social, managerial and technical) and the willingness to finance, manage and maintain internal sanitation i.e sanitary latrines, lane sewers and secondary sewers. Out of 20,287 lanes, 6,846 (33.74%) lane sewers have been laid on self help. With people investing Rs. 158.69 million in sanitary latrines, lane and small secondary sewers.

Govt. too has laid lane sewers i n total 7,816 lanes (38.52%) investing Rs. 277.39 million. Govts. work has been five times more expensive then peoples work.

The requirement for laying the lane sewers is the presence of some form of disposal. Presently it is in the form of main drains and sewers.

The problem in sanitation is the provision of main disposal i.e external sanitation comprising large secondary sewers, trunk mains/development of natural nalas and treatment plants (TPs). Govt. in places, has undertaken construction of large secondary sewers/drains investing more then Rs. 507.01 million, these mostly dispose in the cities main natural nalas/drains just like in the rest of the city areas. Development of these natural nalas/drains into trunk mains and provision of TPs where the nalas join the sea, are like the large secondary sewers, an important task of the govt. Since 2004, govt. has started undertaking this work as detailed in section 1.7.5 of the 127th Quarterly progress report.

People also have the resources and the willingness to finance, manage and maintain internal water supply lines i.e lane and secondary pipelines. In 4,431 (21.84%) lanes, water lines exist laid on self help, with people investing total Rs. (102.99) million in lanes, secondary water lines and house connections. In some places several water lines exist in a lane, some houses have combined and taken connection from a main line, while in other cases individual houses have taken direct connections. Govt. too has laid lane water lines in total 4,492 (22.14%) lanes investing Rs. (81.301) million.

The requirement for laying the water lines is the presence of water supply in the water mains. Govt. has undertaken laying of large secondary and main lines investing more then Rs. 123.875 million.

The problem in water supply, as the case with other areas in Karachi, is the provision of water. In cases water lines exist but there in no water (this is related to the issue of bulk supply). In places people have made borings in their homes and in mosques. Water is mostly brackish, so used for toilets and other cleaning purposes. For drinking and cooking, sweet water is purchased thru private tankers costing an average of Rs. 600/house/month. People are willing to pay the cost of water to govt. because presently they are paying more for informal connections/supply. Provision of main supply is important and has to be the govt’s responsibility. People can take care of the distribution. Since the past 2 years provision of water has improved.For the goths located in the periphery of Karachi, rainwater storage dams/wiers are needed. Provision of these in some areas has been initiated by the govt.

In many cases it has been observed that govt. has just laid the main water line, main sewer/main drain in the settlements while the lane and small secondary, water lines and sewers have been laid by the people. Due to lack of finances govt. (i.e. KMC/CDGK/KWSB/PHED) has practised the component sharing approach, i.e. govt. provides the main sewer, main water line and water, people take care of the neighbourhood network.

People organize, collect finances, hire a local mason to do the work. But in sewerage the skills of level survey, maintenance of slopes and knowledge of construction techniques particularly manhole construction is required. In water supply knowledge of the required diameter of pipe and proper jointing technique is needed. There is therefore need to build technical skills within the community to support local initiatives.

Due to the introduction of one window operation by SKAA and KMC, people have paid total Rs. 531.594 million as lease charges to SKAA (June 2004) and KMC (June 1999). The development charge recovered within lease charge (i.e. 33 per cent) can be used for the provision of external sanitation and water supply lines. This has already been proven in SKAA’s development projects. Since 2009 SKAA has restarted the provision of land title after a gap of 7 years.

People are playing their role. There is need for government to work in partnership with people, complimenting their work so as to effectively utilize available resources. This will enable government to upgrade low income settlements with local resources. The partnership is evident on the ground and has slowly started being accepted as a policy, (refer the National Sanitation Policy). Effective implementation is needed.

Survey of Schools and Clinics:

In 355 abadis/goths, survey of schools and clinics is complete. Survey statistics shows the extent of people’s efforts i.e:

Survey shows that:

Private health clinics are every where providing health services to the people. These are mostly clinics set up by health practitioners. Common ailments are treated; vaccination and family planning services are increasingly in demand. Most clinics however face problems in accessing vaccines and family planning supplies. Govt. clinics in settlements are negligible only 18 (2.24%) as compared to 785 (97.75%) private clinics.

The schools set up by the people far exceed those by govt.The people are aware of the importance of education, so set up their own schools. 356 schools (75.42%) are private and 116 (24.57%) are govt. These are formal schools (both primary and secondary levels) set up mostly by area individuals. A fee is charged averaging Rs. 40-400/ student/month and teachers are paid salaries.The fee increases in higher classes. The govt. schools are free but people prefer to pay fees and send their children to private schools, where they say education is better.