1. Overview of Orangi: Population 1.4 million; 1,08,301 houses and 7,615 lanes spread over 113 settlements.

2. Typical conditions in Orangi before OPP-RTI began working in the settlement.

3. Research was carried out to reduce costs and make technology compatible with the sociology and economics of low income groups and with the concept of community participation.

4. Meetings were held to mobilize people. They were told that on request the OPP-RTI would provide technical assistance so they can build their sewage system and guide them in organizing themselves at the lane level.

5. Once a request was received the OPP-RTI would survey the lane.

6. Plans would be prepared and estimates would be given to the lane organization that would elect or nominate a manager from the lane.

7. The manager would then collect money from each household and with the help of the resident and advice from the OPP-RTI arrange for the work to be carried out.

8. Work would begin and OPP-RTI's simplified technology would be used.

9. Manholes being cast.

10. A lane before...

11. ... and after. Over 6,675 Orangi lanes containing 1,00,244 houses have built their lane sewers and latrines in their homes.

12. Another lane before...

13. ...and after. Over US$ 1.68 million have been invested by the people in this effort. If the state had done this work, it would have cost over US$ 10 million.

14. The sewage dischargesinto the natural drainage channels which due to community pressure and OPP-RTI technical support, are being converted into box sewers by government agencies. OPP-RTI is advocating to the local government to build low cost treatment plants where these box sewers meet the sea.